Geopolitics is a study that studies the relationship between geography, politics and global power. One important aspect of geopolitics is how interactions between countries can influence global stability. In this context, some of the main factors contributing to global stability uncertainty are discussed. First, climate change is a geopolitical issue that increasingly dominates international debate. The impact on water resources, food security and migration creates challenges for countries, especially those in conflict-prone regions. For example, the water crisis in the Middle East region could exacerbate political tensions between countries, increasing the potential for conflict. Second, the competition of great powers such as the United States, China and Russia creates complex geopolitical dynamics. Tensions in the South China Sea and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine reflect how national interests can conflict. These tensions impact military and economic alliances, such as NATO and RCEP, affecting regional and global stability. Furthermore, terrorism is also an important factor in geopolitics. Many countries struggle with the threat of extremist groups operating across borders. The rise of groups like ISIS is not only a security issue, but also undermines the political order in affected countries. International responses to terrorism often involve military intervention, which has the potential to exacerbate geopolitical tensions. Additionally, global economic issues, including international trade and energy dependence, play a major role in global stability. Protectionist policies and trade wars can disrupt relations between countries, triggering a global economic recession. When a country’s economy is shaken, the likelihood of a political crisis also increases. Demographic shifts, especially in countries with large young populations, are playing a role. These countries face challenges in creating jobs and ensuring social stability. Public dissatisfaction could lead to rebellion or regime change, which could be destabilizing for the region and the world. Changes in technology, particularly in the areas of cyber and AI, impact how countries operate and interact. Cybersecurity has become a major focus, with cyberattacks capable of disrupting a country’s critical infrastructure. Countries must adapt to these new threats to maintain national and global stability. Ethnic and sectarian conflicts also present significant challenges. Many countries are caught in internal conflicts rooted in cultural, religious or ethnic differences. Instability in one country can spread to neighboring regions, creating humanitarian crises and refugee flows. An example is the conflict in Syria which has triggered a refugee crisis in Europe. Finally, multilateral diplomacy is important in maintaining global stability. International organizations such as the UN and WTO play a role in resolving conflicts and promoting international cooperation. However, its effectiveness is often questioned, especially when large powers prioritize national interests over global collaboration. Overall, geopolitics and its impact on global stability are interrelated through various factors such as climate change, great power competition, the threat of terrorism, and economic issues. Understanding these dynamics is critical for countries to overcome challenges and maintain peace. In the future, international cooperation and inclusive policies will be key to creating a more stable and peaceful world.