China’s economic development is experiencing complex dynamics amidst global geopolitical changes. In recent decades, China has become one of the world’s largest economic powers. With high GDP growth, massive infrastructure investment, and significant exports, the country looks to continue to strive to strengthen its position on the international stage. One of the main factors influencing China’s economic development is the “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) policy. This initiative aims to build a global trade and investment network connecting Asia, Europe and Africa. Through BRI, China seeks to increase partner countries’ dependence on its economy, while also exporting its production surplus. However, BRI has faced criticism for creating debt for recipient countries and weakening their sovereignty. Geopolitics has become increasingly complicated with the emergence of competition between the United States and China. The trade conflict that started in 2018 hit several sectors, including technology and agro-industry. China is trying to reduce dependence on imported goods, especially high technology. This effort can be seen through the development of domestic industry which is driven by government policy and private investment. A clear example is progress in the technology sector, such as AI and 5G, where China is now competing fiercely with Western companies. In addition, the conflict in the South China Sea adds to the challenges for China. The region is rich in resources and important trade routes, making it a geopolitical hot spot. China’s military presence in the area has raised concerns among neighboring countries and caused uncertainty for foreign investors. Political stability in the region is critical to maintaining China’s economic growth. The COVID-19 pandemic has also had a significant impact on China’s economy. Despite an initial contraction, the rapid recovery in domestic production and consumption demonstrated the economy’s resilience. Large stimulus policies and attention to innovation and green technology are the main focus in this recovery. With global attention increasingly focused on public health and climate change, China is seeking to build an image as a leader in sustainability. Foreign direct investment (FDI) into China is showing a recovery, albeit with a more selective approach from investors. Many companies seek a competitive advantage by exploiting the large domestic market. Despite geopolitical tensions, China remains an attractive investment destination for many industries, especially technology and manufacturing. Looking ahead, China seeks to transition from a manufacturing-based economy to one that focuses more on consumption and services. This transformation is not only a response to changes in global demand but also a strategic step in strengthening its competitiveness in international markets. This effort is driven by government policies that support innovation and human resource development. Facing dynamic geopolitical changes, China’s economic development will continue to be the subject of global attention. China’s economic resilience and adaptability will be tested by various challenges, including global competition, climate change and internal dynamics. In this context, China’s strategic response to these challenges will determine the direction of its economic development and position in the international arena.